1.1 Anatomy

A.K. Khurana - Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 2015, Chapter 1

General

Coats

Coats

1. Fibrous coat
   • cornea
   • sclera
   • limbus
2. Vascular coat (uveal tissue)
   • iris
   • ciliary body
   • choroid
3. Nervous coat (retina)

Segments

Segments

1. Anterior
   • all anterior structures until iris and ciliary body
   • anterior and posterior chambers
   • pupil, lens
2. Posterior
   • vitreous humor
   • retina
   • choroid
   • optic disc

Vessels

Vessels

1. Arteries:

   • Ophthalmic artery

2. Veins:

   • Central retinal vein
   • Anterior ciliary veins
   • Short posterior ciliary veins
   • Venae verticosae

   Main venous channels:

   • Sup, Inf, Mid, Medial ophthalmic veins
   • Angular vein
   • Cavernous sinus

3. Lymphatic drainage:

   • Medial group of lymphatics drain into the submandibular lymph nodes, and
   • Lateral group of lymphatics drain into the subauricular lymph nodes.

Nerves

Nerves

1. CN II - Optic nerve
2. Ophthalmic nerve (CN V - Trigeminal)
   • Lacrimal nerve
   • Frontal nerve:
   • Supratrochlear n.
   • Supraorbital n.
   • Nasociliary nerve
   • Long ciliary nn.
   • Communicating branches to ciliary ganglion
   • Posterior ethmoidal n.
   • Anterior ethmoidal n.
   • Infratrochlear n.
3. Motor nerves:
   • CN III, IV, VI - extraocular muscles
   • CN VII - orbicularis oculi muscle

Physiology

1. Maintenance of clear ocular media
   • Tears
   • Cornea
   • Crystalline lens
   • Aqueous humour and intraocular pressure
2. Vision
   • Phototransduction
   • Transmission of sensation
   • Perception
     • Light (light, dark adaptation)
     • Color
     • Form (visual acuity: resolution, etc)
     • Contrast
3. Ocular motility and binocular vision